Charging cycle in the first minutes

After all I’ve read about charging e-vehicles with large lithium batteries on high-speed columns, the absorption of electrical energy seems to slow down considerably over time. I imagine this: A Tesla with an empty battery is 80 percent full again after half an hour of charging on the SC. To get it completely full, i.e. the last 20 percent, it takes two hours. So far, so good. My question is: Is this “deceleration effect” over the entire charging time k I imagine that I could drive 350 km with a full Tesla battery. But after half an hour I already have 80 per cent, that is 280 km. How much do I have after five minutes? A sixth of 80 per cent, that is 47 km? Or much more, because the charging current is very high at the beginning? How are your experiences with very short charging stops? And does this harm the batteries if you make many short charging cycles instead of long charging cycles?