Hello, the Lambda value is always optimal at 1 (or quite perfectly light under).First of all: Had a Lambda value of 1.005 (co% 0.002) with my vehicle 2010 at the AU Current with new Kats 2023 with Lambda 1.008/1.009 (co% 0.000) The old Kats had cracks (incidental detection). So immediately new pure. Lambda probes have run still the first from 2004 and a little less than 50t km Now: how does the engine control the Lambda value (by air and fuel) ? Have no air mass meter, since original inal with Alpha-N. Only suction tube pressure probes on the airbox. Does the MSG always try to come on Lambda 1,000 ? Why is it always slightly leaner mixture (whether then or now even more with new cats) ? Do not leak or I did not check correctly. But in 2010 everything was still original and had already Lambda 1,005 normal the MSG would have to control directly on Lambda 1. So fuel quantity until the mixture fits ? What if the retrofitted Kat „sch Is it possible that the Lambda value 1 could not be reached? Maybe someone can explain it to me. Thank you