Screw broken: What to do?

In my mopped I have to adjust the valves (kipp lever), to do this I removed the control chain cover to measure the seal. Unfortunately, when screwing in, the left screw has broken, although (!?) I have set a torque wrench to 10 Nm (as in the workshop manual). Instead of the screw being stuck in it at some point, it rotated further and further until it was torn off at some point. The torque wrench has been locked during the whole procedure. I clicked, it also felt like clearly under 10 Nm. Now my questions: 1.) What can be the reason that the screw has broken off? What was wrong with my approach? How can I avoid such a thing in the future? 2.) How can I get the beast out again? A small part (see pictures) is still above, estimated 1-2mm. For a pincher probably too little, besides, I fear that I will break the rest of it and it is over. Therefore, my consideration, one of the bolts was In the meantime, a two-component adhesive such as Uhu Endfest would be possible. Another possibility seems to be to mill a slot into the screw with the Dremel. The classic left-hand turnout is too difficult for me in this situation. Greetings Iumak