Cooling water loss 2.2l HDI BJ 2001 8XHF

Hello municipality, had to refill about 3 liters of cooling water in the last two months. Under the car everything is dry, on the oil filler lid is also no white foam and pressure is also on the system. What I noticed, however, is that on the balance tank of the cooling liquid there are such a kind of white lime traces that apparently come from the overpressure valve in the lid. What could be the cause? Can it be that the spring in the lid is emptied over time or will my motor become too rm? What is the normal cooling water temperature when it has run warm? The fan switches on at a certain temperature, but only at the level where it is also running when the air conditioning is switched on. Is there a second level? Maybe I also want to change the cooling water, howvel liters of cooling water fit in there? I know questions about questions, but maybe there is such a MacBundy successor who knows pretty much everything Thanks and greeting Mike