ABE, individual reports etc. and what about replacement parts???

Hi, yesterday I couldn’t fall asleep and I asked myself the following question. why do I have to have an abe if I have to get a exhaust system, or have an opinion so that I have to enter it? I buy another end muffler as replacement part (not oroginal) because my old one is broken, I don’t need an opinion or an abe. WHY? it’s not an original part. same is it with brake blocks. no matter if ebay or ate carpenter etc. there is no good for me to do it. but there are no original parts. normally the tüv would have to ask for an opinion or something like that. or an example: my grill at the front of the passat is broken. ok, off to ebay and a new fetch looks the same, built in and now the tüv-man wants an abe or an opinion. why didn’t he demand this with the new end scarf damper, which looks also original but it’s not (he should have noticed it since this was new) I hope you understand t what I mean. in some things I need a abe or a gutachen with others again not. how is this regulated?????